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Highest Gold Reserves Around the World in 2025
1. United States — The Leader with Over 8,100 Tonnes
The United States continues to hold the largest gold reserves in the world, with approximately 8,133 tonnes. The country’s gold holdings are primarily stored at Fort Knox, West Point, and the Denver Mint. This vast reserve acts as a significant component of the U.S. dollar’s strength and global economic influence.
2. Germany — The European Heavyweight with Over 3,300 Tonnes
Germany maintains the second-largest gold reserve globally, with more than 3,350 tonnes. A substantial portion of Germany’s gold is kept domestically, although some is held in secure vaults overseas, including New York and London. The Bundesbank has been gradually repatriating gold holdings over recent years to bolster national confidence.
3. Italy — Strong European Presence with Nearly 2,700 Tonnes
Italy stands among the top nations with approximately 2,450 tonnes of gold reserves. The gold assets are meant to reinforce the country’s financial stability and are part of the European Union’s larger economic framework. Italy’s gold holdings are managed by the Banca d’Italia.
4. France — Alpha Europe with about 2,440 Tonnes
France’s gold reserves hover around 2,436 tonnes, making it one of the largest holders in Europe. The French Treasury oversees the management and storage of this goal, emphasizing its importance in national financial security.
5. Russia — The Rising Power with Over 2,100 Tonnes
Russia has significantly increased its gold holdings in recent years, reaching more than 2,300 tonnes by 2025. This growth is part of Russia’s strategic move to diversify its reserves away from the U.S. dollar and ensure financial independence.
6. Switzerland — The Financial Hub with approximately 1,040 Tonnes
Switzerland, famed for its banking and financial sector, holds a substantial amount of gold, roughly 1,040 tonnes. While Switzerland does not directly sell or buy as aggressively as other nations, its reserves serve as a buffer for economic stability.
7. China — The Asian Giant with Over 2,000 Tonnes
China’s gold reserves are estimated at more than 2,100 tonnes, but experts believe the actual number might be higher due to opaque reporting. This reserve forms part of China’s broader goal of building a more substantial financial buffer amid global economic shifts.
8. India — Emerging Power with Around 800 Tonnes
India’s gold reserves are roughly 760 tonnes, making it one of the top Asian holders. Gold plays a vital cultural and economic role here, with the Reserve Bank of India actively managing and increasing its holdings.
9. Japan — The Leading Asian Economy with Over 800 Tonnes
Japan maintains approximately 843 tonnes of gold reserves, serving both as a financial security measure and a symbol of economic stability. The Bank of Japan manages these assets, ensuring strategic reserve management.
10. Netherlands — Small but Significant with Nearly 600 Tonnes
The Netherlands holds roughly 612 tonnes of gold, a significant reserve for its size. The Dutch central bank manages these holdings with a focus on safeguarding national financial interests.
A Closer Look at Key Reserve Trends
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Reserves Expand & Repatriation: Several countries like Germany and the Netherlands are actively repatriating their gold holdings, seeking increased control and security.
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Strategic Gold Accumulation: Russia and China’s rising gold reserves exemplify their efforts to diversify and strengthen their economic buffer against geopolitical risks.
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United States Dominance: Despite global shifts, the U.S. maintains its top position through vast and strategically stored assets, underpinning the dollar’s dominance.
The Future of Gold Reserves
As nations continue to reassess their financial strategies, gold reserves are expected to play an increasingly important role. Countries are not only viewing gold as a stable asset but also as a safeguard against currency fluctuations and geopolitical turmoil.
The ongoing geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainties make gold an attractive reserve, with nations actively increasing their holdings or rationalizing existing assets.
Source: Global Central Bank Reports, World Gold Council, 2025
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