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The last supermoon of 2025, dubbed the Cold Moon, will be visible over Pakistan on the nights of December 4 and 5, according to the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Suparco). A supermoon happens when a full moon coincides with its closest approach to Earth, called perigee, making it appear slightly larger and brighter than usual due to the moon’s proximity.
This December’s Cold Moon is the third supermoon in a row for 2025 and also the final one of the year. It will reach peak brightness—about 99.8% illuminated—at 4:15 a.m. PST on December 5. In Pakistan, the moon at approximately 99.2% illumination will rise at 4:58 p.m. PST on December 4, allowing people nationwide to view the supermoon throughout the night of December 4–5.
While it’s not as “super” as the November supermoon, this event remains significant. During the November 5 full moon, the moon was about 356,978 km from Earth. On the night of December 4–5, the distance will be approximately 357,218 km, making the moon roughly 7.9% larger and 15% brighter than an average full moon.
Supermoons occur three to four times each year, depending on how closely the full moon aligns with perigee. Though the difference to the naked eye is subtle, especially close to the maximum size, such close alignments are rare and hold scientific importance.
Suparco encourages everyone—astronomy fans, students, families, and the general public—to take the opportunity to observe this natural show. No special equipment is needed; the supermoon will be easily visible with the naked eye, provided the skies are clear.
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