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The Earth is heading toward its second hottest year on record in 2025, matching 2023 after experiencing a historic high in 2024, according to Europe’s climate monitoring service. Data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service confirms that global temperatures are likely to surpass 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels—a key threshold outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement for safer climate conditions.
Between January and November, global temperatures increased by an average of 1.48°C, making 2025 currently the second-warmest year after 2023, based on the latest monthly figures. Samantha Burgess, the climate strategy leader at Copernicus, stated that the three-year average for 2023 to 2025 is on track to break the 1.5°C mark for the first time. She emphasized that these milestones are more than just numbers—they highlight the rapid acceleration of climate change, and the only way to slow future temperature rises is by quickly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
In October, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned that international efforts might fall short of limiting global warming to below 1.5°C in the coming years. Last month was the third warmest November on record, with global surface temperatures rising 1.54°C above pre-industrial levels and an average temperature of 14.02°C.
While these temperature increases may seem small, scientists warn they are already causing climate instability, leading to more intense and frequent storms, floods, and other natural disasters. The report pointed out numerous extreme weather events last month, including tropical cyclones in Southeast Asia that caused widespread flooding and loss of life.
In November, the Philippines endured severe typhoons that resulted in approximately 260 fatalities, accompanied by catastrophic floods in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The autumn months—September through November—also saw the third-highest global average temperatures on record, following 2023 and 2024. Warming was particularly evident in northern Canada, over the Arctic Ocean, and across Antarctica, though some areas like northeastern Russia experienced colder-than-normal conditions.
Copernicus’s measurements draw on billions of satellite and weather data points collected from land and sea, with records extending back to 1940. Human activities, especially the massive burning of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution, have significantly increased the planet’s temperature. Although nations agreed to phase out fossil fuels at the 2023 COP28 summit in Dubai, progress has slowed. The recent COP30 conference in Brazil concluded without a firm commitment to end oil, gas, and coal usage, due to opposition from fossil fuel-producing countries.
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