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Top Countries by Gold Reserves in 2025: A Complete Breakdown
1. United States Maintains Its Dominance with Over 8,130 Tonnes of Gold
The United States continues to hold the largest gold reserves globally, with an impressive 8,133 tonnes. This immense hoard is primarily kept in Fort Knox and other secure vaults, underscoring America’s heavyweight status in global finance. Despite economic shifts, the U.S. remains cautious, adding to or maintaining its reserves as a strategic safeguard against international economic fluctuations.
2. Europe’s Heavyweights: Germany, Italy, and France
Germany holds the second-largest reserve in the world, boasting 3,352 tonnes of gold. The nation is known for its prudent fiscal management and maintains substantial gold holdings to back its economic stability.
Italy and France follow closely, with reserves totaling 2,452 and 2,437 tonnes, respectively. Both countries have historically seen gold as a symbol of economic resilience, especially in uncertain times.
3. Russia and China: The Rising Powerhouses
Russia’s gold reserves clock in at 2,336 tonnes, marking it as a significant gold owner in the global arena. The country has been steadily increasing its holdings over recent years as part of its broader strategy to diversify its reserves away from US dollars.
China, with 2,280 tonnes, is not far behind. As the world’s second-largest economy, China’s gold reserves reflect its growing influence on global financial markets and its desire to solidify economic independence.
4. Switzerland’s Secure Vaults and India’s Growing Wealth
Switzerland, famous for its banking secrecy, holds approximately 1,040 tonnes of gold. Its reserves serve as a pillar of Swiss financial stability, with private and institutional holdings contributing to this extensive reserve.
India’s gold reserves are at 876 tonnes, a testament to its cultural affinity for gold and an investment strategy aimed at financial security. The country’s steadily rising holdings highlight consumer and institutional confidence in precious metals.
5. Japan and Turkey: Key Asian and Eurasian Players
Japan boasts 846 tonnes of gold, acting as a regional hedge against economic uncertainties. Meanwhile, Turkey has increased its holdings to 615 tonnes, reflecting its strategic approach to economic security amid regional geopolitical tensions.
6. A Diverse European Lineup: Netherlands, Poland, and Portugal
Europe’s gold reserves are diverse, with the Netherlands holding 612 tonnes, Poland at 448, and Portugal with 383 tonnes. These countries are leveraging gold to bolster their financial systems amidst cooperative European economic strategies.
7. Taiwan, Uzbekistan, and Saudi Arabia: Emerging Gold Holders
Taiwan has accumulated 424 tonnes, signaling its efforts to diversify reserves amid geopolitical complexities in Asia. Uzbekistan’s holdings stand at 383 tonnes, reflecting its economic growth trajectory.
Saudi Arabia, with reserves of 323 tonnes, continues to strengthen its financial position through gold, complementing its oil-based economy.
8. The United Kingdom, Lebanon, and Kazakhstan: Strategic Reserves
The UK maintains 310 tonnes as a part of its broader financial strategy. Lebanon, facing economic challenges, holds 287 tonnes of gold, which remains a critical asset for stabilizing its economy.
Kazakhstan has reserves of 284 tonnes, emphasizing its commitment to economic resilience in Central Asia.
9. Spain, Austria, and Thailand: Important European and Asian Contributors
Spain’s holdings include 282 tonnes, with Austria close behind at 280 tonnes. Thailand has increased its gold reserves to 235 tonnes, reflecting an ongoing trend in Southeast Asia to diversify assets amid regional economic shifts.
10. Other Notable Reserve Holders
Belgium, Singapore, and Algeria each hold substantial amounts—227, 220, and 174 tonnes, respectively—highlighting regional economic strategies to safeguard wealth.
Venezuela, Iraq, Libya, and the Philippines also maintain significant gold stocks, often as part of their economic stabilization efforts.
The Global Perspective in 2025
While the United States maintains an unrivaled lead in gold holdings, other nations are increasingly diversifying their reserves. Countries like China and Russia are strategically accumulating gold, signaling an evolving shift in global economic power.
Interestingly, smaller economies such as Portugal and Uzbekistan are making strides by boosting their gold reserves, recognizing gold’s role as a hedge against inflation and currency fluctuations.
As geopolitical tensions persist and digital currencies gain prominence, gold remains a crucial asset for national security and economic stability worldwide.
Source: Trading Economies 2025
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