Top 20 Economies of 2025 Comparing GDP and National Debt

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Top 20 Economies in 2025: Comparing GDP and National Debt

United States: The Largest Economy in the World

With a gross domestic product (GDP) of approximately $30.51 trillion, the US remains the powerhouse of the global economy. However, its national debt has surged to about $37.95 trillion. This debt surpasses its GDP, raising concerns about long-term fiscal sustainability. The US continues to grapple with balancing economic growth and debt management amid persistent geopolitical and domestic challenges.
China: Rapid Economic Growth with a Significant Debt Balance

China’s economy is valued at around $19.23 trillion, placing it firmly as the second-largest. Its national debt stands at $16.98 trillion, close to its GDP, reflecting ongoing government investments and infrastructure expansion. While China’s economic growth remains robust, managing high debt levels poses risks to sustainable development.
Germany: Europe’s Economic Engine

Germany’s economy is valued at approximately $4.74 trillion, with a comparatively modest national debt of $2.96 trillion. Its strong industrial base and export sector continue to underpin economic stability, making it Europe’s leading economic contributor.
India: An Emerging Global Power

Boasting a GDP of $4.19 trillion, India is swiftly rising as an economic force. Its national debt stands at $3.41 trillion, manageable relative to its economic size. Continued reforms and infrastructure development are crucial to sustaining its growth trajectory.
Japan: High Debt, Stable Economy

Japan’s GDP remains strong at $4.19 trillion. However, its debt load is significant at nearly $9.93 trillion, the highest among developed nations. The country faces demographic challenges that could influence its economic future but remains resilient through technological innovation.
United Kingdom: Post-Brexit Economic Adjustments

The UK’s economy is valued at $3.84 trillion, with a national debt of $3.68 trillion. The nation’s financial services sector remains crucial, and recent policies aim to stabilize growth amidst ongoing geopolitical shifts.
France: A European Economic Standout

France’s GDP is estimated at $3.21 trillion, with a debt level of $3.63 trillion. The country continues to emphasize recovery and transition to green energy, aiming to bolster long-term growth.
Italy: Debt Challenges and Economic Resilience

Italy’s economy is valued at $2.42 trillion, with a debt of $3.27 trillion. Persistent debt issues hinder growth, but structural reforms are underway to improve economic resilience.
Canada: Stable and Resource-Rich

Canada’s GDP stands at $2.23 trillion, with a debt of $2.48 trillion. Its resource sector remains vital, supporting stable economic performance.
Brazil: Latin America’s Largest Economy

Valued at $2.13 trillion, Brazil’s national debt is $1.63 trillion. Agricultural and commodity exports drive its growth, though economic diversification remains a priority.
Russia: Resource-Driven Economy with Minimal Debt

Russia’s GDP is approximately $2.08 trillion, with a modest debt of $0.34 trillion. Ongoing sanctions and geopolitical tensions influence its economic outlook.
Spain: Economic Recovery Post-Pandemic

With a GDP of $1.80 trillion and debt at $1.84 trillion, Spain continues to recover, focusing on tourism and technology sectors to reinvigorate growth.
South Korea: Tech and Export Powerhouse

Valued at $1.79 trillion, South Korea’s debt is relatively low at $0.84 trillion. Its technological innovation and export strength sustain its economic stability.
Australia: Resource-Rich and Resilient

Australia’s economy is worth $1.77 trillion; its debt is at $0.78 trillion. Natural resources and commodities are vital to its economic success.
Mexico: Growing North American Economy

With a GDP of $1.69 trillion and debt at $0.84 trillion, Mexico benefits from manufacturing and trade, aiming to increase economic diversification.
Turkey: Strategic Economic Position

Valued at $1.44 trillion with a debt of $0.36 trillion, Turkey’s strategic position and diverse economy place it as an emerging regional power.
Indonesia: Southeast Asia’s Key Player

Indonesia holds a GDP of $1.43 trillion, with debt totaling $0.55 trillion. Its population and vast natural resources drive growth.
Netherlands: Strong Export Sector

The Dutch economy is valued at $1.27 trillion, with a debt of $0.56 trillion. It remains a hub for trade and logistics.
Saudi Arabia: Oil and Economic Diversification

Saudi Arabia’s GDP stands at $1.08 trillion, with relatively low debt of $0.32 trillion, emphasizing its focus on oil revenues and diversification plans.
Poland: Rising Economic Power in Europe

Poland’s economy is valued at $1.01 trillion, with a debt of $0.54 trillion. Its manufacturing and service sectors are expanding rapidly.

All figures reflect estimates for 2025 based on recent data from IMF and Trading Economics, highlighting trends that define the current global economic landscape.