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Top Countries with the Largest Gold Reserves in 2025
1. United States—The Leader in Gold Wealth
The United States continues to hold the world’s largest gold reserves, boasting approximately 8,133.5 metric tons. This strategic reserve has remained a cornerstone of the country’s economic stability and confidence in the dollar since the Bretton Woods Agreement. Fort Knox remains the most iconic vault, home to a significant portion of these reserves. As the global economy faces fluctuating financial landscapes in 2025, U.S. gold holdings remain a symbol of economic resilience and security.
2. Germany—A Continent’s Financial Powerhouse
Germany ranks second globally, with around 3,355.1 metric tons of gold. Its reserves are primarily held at the Bundesbank and international vaults, reflecting a strong commitment to maintaining a stable financial foundation. Over the past decade, Germany has notably increased its gold holdings, emphasizing diversification and safeguarding against potential economic downturns within the Eurozone. The country’s dedication to bolstering its reserves illustrates its overarching strategy for long-term economic stability.
3. Italy—An Enduring Guardian of Gold
Italy’s gold reserves stand at approximately 2,452.1 metric tons, solidifying its status as one of Europe’s leading custodians of bullion. Italian authorities view gold as a crucial element of national sovereignty, especially amid global financial uncertainties. In recent years, Italy has enhanced its storage security and diversified its holdings, reaffirming its commitment to financial independence amidst shifting global dynamics.
4. France—A Strategic Reserve Stabilizer
France holds about 2,437.7 metric tons of gold, maintaining its position as a significant custodian of the precious metal. Historically, France’s gold holdings have played a critical role in its monetary policy and economic strategy, especially during times of fiscal crisis. France continues to balance its gold reserves prudently, ensuring resilience against potential economic shocks in an increasingly uncertain international environment.
5. Russia—A Growing Force in Gold Accumulation
In a notable shift, Russia has rapidly increased its gold reserves over the past few years. As of 2025, Russia’s holdings are around 2,300 metric tons, reflecting its strategy to diversify reserves away from the US dollar and stabilize its economy amid global sanctions. Moscow’s aggressive accumulation is also a response to fluctuating energy markets and international geopolitical tensions, positioning Russia as a formidable player in global gold holdings.
6. China—Expanding Its Reserves Quietly
While China’s official gold reserves are estimated to be around 2,050 metric tons, experts believe the country may be quietly increasing its stores. As a major global economic power and the world’s largest exporter, China perceives gold as an essential part of its economic security infrastructure. Efforts to boost gold holdings are thought to align with China’s broader strategy to internationalize the yuan and reduce reliance on traditional reserve assets like the US dollar.
7. Switzerland—A Financial Center with Rich Reserves
Switzerland holds approximately 1,040 metric tons of gold, primarily stored in its renowned banking secrecy vaults and currency reserves. Known for its stability and financial secrecy, Switzerland’s gold reserves offer a buffer in times of financial instability. The Swiss government and financial institutions maintain a conservative approach, balancing gold holdings with other assets to ensure economic resilience.
8. India—A Rising Power in Gold Reserves
India’s gold reserves have steadily increased and now stand at around 768.5 metric tons. As a country with deep cultural ties to gold and rising economic strength, India views gold as a symbol of wealth and security. The government continues to promote gold purchase and storage, both as a personal savings hedge and an essential part of its monetary reserves.
9. Japan—Steadily Growing Its Gold Stockpile
Japan has kept its gold reserves at approximately 765.2 metric tons. With a focus on monetary stability amid global economic uncertainties, Japan invests in gold as an insurance policy. The Bank of Japan’s strategic holdings reflect the nation’s cautious approach to maintaining financial stability in the face of geopolitical and economic fluctuations.
10. Netherlands—A Compact but Critical Reserve
The Netherlands maintains around 612.5 metric tons of gold, mainly stored in secure vaults within the Royal Dutch Mint and other facilities. Despite smaller holdings compared to global giants, the Dutch gold reserve plays a vital role in their monetary policy and securing their financial system against unforeseen disruptions.
In 2025, the landscape of global gold reserves underscores an evolving mix of strategic reserves, economic resilience plans, and geopolitical considerations. As nations continue to adjust their holdings in response to shifting international dynamics, the world’s gold reserves offer a fascinating mirror to economic priorities and national security strategies.
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